Tam sim no, qib ntawm titanium thiab titanium alloys rau kev lag luam siv nyiaj rau 30 ~ 40 hom. Cov titanium thiab titanium alloys tuaj yeem muab faib ua titanium alloys, titanium alloys, + titanium alloys, ze titanium alloys thiab ze titanium alloys, thiab lwm yam. 0-1 kom paub meej). Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas muaj li ntawm 10 hom titanium alloys feem ntau siv hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Piv txwv li, raws li 1979 US noj titanium txheeb cais: Ti-6Al-4V suav txog 52% ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj ntawm titanium; industrial ntshiab titanium accounted rau 29%; Ti-5Al{11}}.5Sn suav rau 5%; Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn suav rau 6%; Ti-8Mn suav rau<1%; Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al accounted for <1%; Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V accounted for 3%; Ti-6Al-2Sn accounted for <1%; and Ti-6Al-2V accounted for 3% of the total amount of titanium. Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo accounted for 2%; Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo accounted for 1%; other titanium alloys accounted for <1%. These titanium alloy products, plate, strip rolled material accounted for 24%; forgings accounted for 39%; rods, wires accounted for 22%; tubes accounted for 14%; castings accounted for 1%. Japan's industrial titanium alloy, industrial pure titanium accounted for more than 90 per cent.
1. Corrosion-resistant titanium thiab titanium alloys
(1) kev lag luam ntshiab titanium kev lag luam siv los ua ntau cov ntaub ntawv corrosion-resistant tseem muaj cov ntshiab titanium. Qhov no yog vim muaj cov ntshiab titanium rau seawater, ntub chlorine gas thiab oxidising, nruab nrab, tsis muaj zog txo thiab ntxiv corrosion inhibitors hauv kev txo cov xov xwm nrog corrosion kuj zoo; thiab tag nrho cov khoom siv kho tshuab thiab kev ua tau zoo kuj zoo dua; tus nqi qis dua cov titanium alloy. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev lag luam ntshiab titanium tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion, ua ntej siv lwm yam corrosion-resistant titanium alloy. Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam ntshiab titanium muab faib ua peb theem, uas yog, TA1, TA2 thiab TA3. peb cov khoom lag luam ntshiab titanium qhov sib txawv yog maj mam nce; thiab mechanical zog thiab hardness kuj nce nrog txhua qib. Cov titanium alloy feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam yog TA2, uas muaj qhov nruab nrab corrosion tsis kam thiab cov khoom siv txhua yam. TA3 tuaj yeem siv rau kev hnav siab dua thiab kev xav tau lub zog, thiab TA1 tuaj yeem siv rau cov khoom zoo dua molding. Txhua qib ntawm industrially ntshiab titanium muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws corrosion. Qee zaum, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv muaj zog oxidising los yog txo cov kua qaub, qhov corrosion kuj yog txo vim metallurgical hloov nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub cuam tshuam cheeb tsam tshwm sim los ntawm muaj hlau impurities nyob rau hauv titanium. Raws li cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov ntsiab lus hlau hauv titanium yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab tsis pub ntau tshaj 0.05%.
(2) Ti-(0.15~0.20) Pd alloy Cov hlau no muaj peb qhov zoo hauv qab no tshaj kev lag luam ntshiab titanium:
a. Ob leeg oxidising xov xwm nrog zoo heev corrosion kuj; thiab tsis muaj zog txo cov xov xwm nrog qee qhov corrosion kuj. Xws li Ti-0.2Pb ntawm nitric acid corrosion kuj thiab muaj ntshiab titanium ib yam nkaus; tab sis ntawm dilute hydrochloric acid thiab dilute sulfuric acid corrosion tsis kam tshaj titanium ntshiab 500 ~ 1000 zaug siab dua.
b. Zoo dua crevice corrosion kuj. Kev lag luam ntshiab titanium yog rhiab heev rau crevice corrosion, feem ntau vim muaj cov khoom siv titanium nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv, ua rau kom ceev corrosion ntawm no. Yog Ti-(0.15~{3}}.20)Pd siv nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv es tsis txhob titanium ntshiab, crevice corrosion yuav raug tshem tawm.
c. Me me hydrogen absorption peev, tsis yooj yim los tsim hydrogen embrittlement. Kev lag luam ntshiab titanium ntawm qhov kub thiab txias muaj peev xwm nqus tau cov hydrogen ntau. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau corrosion ntawm atomic hydrogen yog yooj yim absorbed, ua rau hydrogen embrittlement. Ti-(0.15 ~ 0.20) Pd nto tsim los ntawm oxide zaj duab xis muaj kev tiv thaiv siab rau hydrogen nkag mus, yog li muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv hydrogen embrittlement dua li lub peev xwm ntawm kev lag luam ntshiab titanium ntau loj dua.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no titanium alloy tsis yog corrosion-resistant rau muaj zog txo cov xov xwm; thiab nws muaj qhov tsawg thiab muaj txiaj ntsig platinum pawg hlau - palladium. Nws lub cev thiab txhua yam khoom, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev lag luam ntshiab titanium zoo ib yam. Tam sim no nrog rau qhov no alloy tsim lub raj kub exchanger, siv nyob rau hauv dilute hydrochloric acid thiab phosphoric acid; nyob rau hauv kev lag luam textile nrog nws cov khoom ntawm spinnerets; nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv acetaldehyde thiab terephthalic acid tag nrho cov khoom siv titanium flange liner nplhaib thiab pob zeb diamond-puab gaskets kuj siv nrog cov hlau no, kev siv nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo.
(3) Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni titanium alloy Cov hlau no txhim kho corrosion kuj ntawm kev lag luam ntshiab titanium hauv kev txo cov xov xwm; thiab nws tuav lub corrosion kuj ntawm industrial ntshiab titanium hauv oxidising media xws li nitric acid thiab chromic acid. Piv txwv li, nws muaj corrosion kuj zoo nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub 10% sulfuric acid, 10% hydrochloric acid, thiab nruab nrab concentration ntawm formic acid thiab citric acid; thaum muaj cov ntshiab titanium yog nquag yaj hauv cov xov xwm no. Thiab nws muaj zoo heev crevice corrosion kuj. Nws muaj tsawg alloying ntsiab; tshwj xeeb, nws tsis muaj tsawg thiab kim platinum pawg (xws li palladium, thiab lwm yam). Yog li ntawd, nws tsuas yog 10% kim dua li kev lag luam ntshiab titanium.
Nws cov txheej txheem machining cov khoom thiab cov khoom siv vuam yog ze rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm titanium ntshiab; thaum nws lub zog ntawm qhov kub ntawm 200-300 degree yog 1.5 mus rau 2 lub sij hawm siab dua li ntawm industrially ntshiab titanium. Vim tias qhov zoo ntawm cov hlau no, nws tuaj yeem hloov cov khoom siv ntshiab titanium hauv cov dej hiav txwv kub, dej ntsev, cov roj chlorine ntub thiab ntau yam kub, siab concentration ntawm chloride.
(4) Ti-Mo alloy Ti-32Mo alloy nyob rau hauv boiling 40% sulfuric acid thiab 20% hydrochloric acid tov ntawm corrosion tsis kam tshaj industrial ntshiab titanium tau ho txhim kho, tam sim no yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau resistant rau corrosion ntawm cov xov xwm. titanium alloy. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv oxidising media yog tsawg heev; thiab vim yog cov ntsiab lus siab molybdenum, cov hlau ua nkig thiab kev ua haujlwm machining deteriorates. Txhawm rau kov yeej qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov hlau no vim muaj cov ntsiab lus molybdenum siab, niobium, vanadium, zirconium thiab palladium tau ntxiv rau ntawm titanium theem alloys. Yog li ntawd cov hlau no tsis tsuas yog tswj xyuas qhov zoo heev corrosion kuj ntawm titanium - molybdenum alloy; thiab txhim kho lawv cov kev ua tau zoo. Piv txwv li, Ti-15Mo-5Zr alloy, tsis tsuas yog kom zam lub Ti-15Mo alloy w-theem nag los ntawm alloy embrittlement, txhim kho nws cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm txias thiab kev ua haujlwm vuam; tab sis kuj txhim kho nws cov corrosion kuj. Lwm qhov piv txwv: Ti-15Mo-0.2Pd alloy muaj corrosion kuj zoo nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si oxidising thiab txo cov xov xwm. Cov hlau no muaj ntau lub siab melting point, siab tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm molybdenum, rau industrial scale ntau lawm yam tsis muaj segregation ntawm impurities nyob rau hauv lub composition ntawm uniform alloy ingots yog nyuaj dua. Yog li ntawd, tam sim no txoj kev ntawm hmoov metallurgy los tsim Ti-Mo alloy khoom.
(6) Ti - 2Ni alloy ntawm no titanium alloy raws li ib tug desalination ntaus ntawv qauv ntaub ntawv, kev siv kub yuav siab li 200 degree los yog li ntawd; thiab kev lag luam ntshiab titanium tsuas yog ncav cuag 121 degree los yog li ntawd. Thiab nws cov crevice corrosion kuj yog superior rau industrial ntshiab titanium. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov hlau no yog nqaim ntau dua li ntawm Ti-Pd thiab Ti-Mo system alloys. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsaum acid, kub yaj magnesium chloride tov corrosion kuj yog superior rau muaj ntshiab titanium; tab sis nyob rau hauv hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid corrosion kuj yog phem tshaj titanium ntshiab. Yog li ntawd, Ti-2Ni alloy feem ntau txwv rau siv hauv nruab nrab lossis tsis muaj zog txo cov ntsev ntsev.
(7) Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) alloy Qhov no yog cov khoom siv dav siv titanium. Nws cov corrosion kuj yog me ntsis phem dua li kev lag luam ntshiab titanium, tab sis nws tseem muaj kev txaus siab corrosion tsis kam rau seawater, ntau cov kua qaub, alkalis thiab lwm yam corrosive media. Nws muaj cov cuab yeej zoo txhua yam. Txog 400 degree, muaj zog zoo. Ntawm -200 degree tseem muaj qhov zoo ductility thiab toughness. Cov hlau no muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo, tuaj yeem txias, kub sib sau; nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ua qias tuaj, nws mus rau hauv txoj kab zoo ib yam li cov hlau tsis muaj steel, yooj yim rau yaj vuam thiab tsis kam vuam, tuaj yeem ua ntau yam machining. Thiab tuaj yeem kho cua sov, tom qab cov tshuaj quenching, tuaj yeem tau txais kev txhawb zog ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, cov hlau no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov kev xav tau ntawm lub zog siab lossis kev ua haujlwm siab ua haujlwm ntawm corrosion-resistant zaus; thiab vim hais tias ntawm no alloy kub kuj yog zoo, yuav siv tau raws li 450 degree hauv qab no siv compressor hniav thiab discs.
(8) Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo alloy Cov hlau no yog qhov zoo rau kev tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj thiab kev ntxhov siab corrosion rupture ntawm high-flow seawater; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws muaj qhov zoo toughness thiab weldability, thiab nws yog ib qho zoo titanium alloy rau marine siv. 2. Thermal zog titanium alloy
(1) Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (TA7) Cov hlau no muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub zog hauv lub xeev annealed (lub zog tensile ntawm 80kg - quab yuam / mm2 los yog li) thiab txaus ductility, zoo vuam kev ua tau zoo. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv rau kev siv txog li 500 degree. Nws tuaj yeem siv txog 900 degree rau lub sijhawm luv luv. Nws lub phaj thiab bar ntawm 350 degree tensile lub zog tuaj yeem ncav cuag 50 kg - quab yuam / hli 2; Tom qab 100 teev ntawm lub zog ntev tuaj yeem ncav cuag 45 kg - quab yuam / hli 2.
2) Ti-5Al-2.5Sn-3Cu-1.5Zr (TA8) Qhov no yog ib qho + compound alloy nrog nag lossis daus hardening nyhuv. Nws muaj qhov kub thiab txias tensile lub zog (lub zog tensile siab tshaj 100 kg-force / mm2) thiab kub tsis kam, thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv rau compressor hniav thiab discs ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub txog li 450 degree. Cov khoom siv tuaj yeem siv los ua cov hlau nrog lub zog tensile siab (lub zog tensile siab tshaj 100 kg-force / mm2). Ntawm qhov kub no, lub zog tensile ntawm lub bar tuaj yeem ncav cuag 72 kg - quab yuam / hli 2; Tom qab 100 teev ntawm lub zog muaj zog tuaj yeem ncav cuag 70 kg - quab yuam / hli 2, creep zog tuaj yeem ncav cuag kg - quab yuam / hli 2.
3) Ti-6Al-0.6Cr-0.4Fe-0.4Si-0.01B (TC7) Qhov no yog ib qho + alloy nrog diffuse compound nag lossis daus. Cov alloy muaj lub zog tensile txog li 60 kg-force / mm2 ntawm 500 degree; thiab muaj zoo weldability. Nws yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm daim hlau thiab tuav nyob rau hauv aircraft engine Cheebtsam hauv qab no 500 degree.
(4) Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-2.5Sn-0.3Si (TC9) Qhov no yog tam sim no siv hauv tsev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo dua titanium alloy ntawm 450 ~ 500 degree. Nws muaj lub zog siab; thiab muaj zoo kub-kub txhua yam khoom thiab thermal stability. Lub zog tensile ntawm chav tsev kub tuaj yeem ncav cuag 110kg - quab yuam / hli 2 los yog li ntawd, lub zog tensile ntawm 500 degree nyob rau hauv lub tensile lub zog kom tswj nyob rau hauv 85kg - quab yuam / hli 2 los yog li ntawd thiab tom qab 100 teev ntawm lub dag lub zog mus txog 62kg - quab yuam / mm 2. Yog li no alloy yuav siv tau ntawm 500 degree ntev.
(5) BT25 alloy Qhov no yog Ti-Al-Zr-Sn-Mo-W-Si system ntawm deformation ntawm tshav kub-strengthened titanium alloy, belongs rau hom martensitic + ob-theem titanium alloy. Cov hlau tom qab 950 ~ 970 degree, 1 teev, cua txias +560 degree, 6 teev, cua txias cua sov kho, qhov tshwm sim ntawm chav tsev kub txhua yam khoom thiab 500 degree, 100 teev thermal stability ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Lub zog tensile ntawm chav tsev kub yog 105 kg-force / mm2; Thaum qhov kub thiab txias nce mus rau 550 degree lub tensile lub zog yog hais txog 80 ~ 85 kg-force / mm2, thiab ntawm 600 degree nws yog 66 ~ 78 kg-force / mm2 Lub qaug zog txwv rau lub hauv paus cyclic ntawm 2X107: 50 ~ 52 kg - quab yuam / mm2 ntawm chav tsev kub; thiab ntawm 500 degree nws yog 40 ~ 42 kg-force/mm2 Ntawm 450 degree Cua sov mus txog 10,000 teev ntawm 500 degree, 6,000 teev ntawm 500 degree , thiab 3,{52 }} teev ntawm 550 degree, tag nrho cov thermal stability. Yog li no alloy yuav siv tau ntawm 550 degree. Thiab qhov vuam kev ua tau zoo thiab cov txheej txheem plasticity yog qhov zoo, yog kev tsim cov tshuab siab ntawm cov khoom siv zoo tagnrho.
3. Titanium alloy rau qhov kub thiab txias
(1) Ti - 13V - 11Cr - 3Al no titanium alloy nyob rau hauv - 100 degree hauv qab no, nws ductility pib txo qis, yog li siv tau raws li {{5} } degree thaum cov khoom siv. Ntawm -100 degree, nws elongation yog li 16%; tensile lub zog ntawm txog 130 kg - quab yuam / hli 2.
(2) Ti-6Al-4V (ELI) Cov khoom qis qis no tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv rau cov khoom siv ntawm -200 degree vim tias nws qhov elongation tsuas yog pib txo qis. tseem ceeb ntawm -200 degree . Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm -200 degree , cov titanium alloy no muaj lub zog tensile txog 130 kg-force / mm2. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm -200 degree, qhov elongation ntawm cov hlau no tsuas yog kwv yees li 10 feem pua. Qhov no yog siv cov alloy no ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg.
(3) Ti-5Al-2.5Sn (ELI) Qhov sib txawv qis qis titanium alloy ntawm -250 degree hauv qab no, nws qhov elongation tseem tsis tau pom tseeb hloov pauv, tseem nyob li ntawm 15%, thaum lub zog tensile tau nce mus rau ntau tshaj 140 kg - quab yuam / mm 2. Yuav kom tswj tau qhov zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm cov hlau no, nws cov ntsiab lus interstitial yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis. Xws li cov ntsiab lus hlau yuav tsum tau tswj hauv qab no 0.25%; cov ntsiab lus oxygen yuav tsum tsawg dua 0.12%; Lwm cov ntsiab lus interstitial (hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon) cov ntsiab lus yuav tsum qis dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov alloys zoo tib yam.
(4) Muaj cov ntshiab titanium (TA1, TA2) Ob hom kev lag luam ntshiab titanium hauv cov ntsiab lus hlau ntawm 0.095%, cov ntsiab lus oxygen ntawm 0.{{9} 8% yog '; hydrogen cov ntsiab lus ntawm 0.0009%; nitrogen cov ntsiab lus ntawm 0.0062%, tensile lub zog ntawm -269 degree ntawm 65 ~ 80 kg - quab yuam / mm 2, txog ob zaug lub tensile zog ntawm chav tsev kub. Nws elongation yog txo los ntawm 50% ntawm chav tsev kub mus rau 40%, tab sis tseem muaj ductility siab. Yog li ntawd, ob qhov kev lag luam ntshiab titanium tuaj yeem siv tau ua -253 degree hauv qab cov ntaub ntawv kub tsawg.
4. Titanium-raws li cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb
(1) muaj 50% titanium niobium - titanium superconducting alloy, ntawm -4K nrog superconducting zog. Qhov no superconducting alloy tau pib siv hauv kev lag luam.
(2) muaj 50% titanium npib tsib xee - titanium alloy muaj lub cim xeeb zoo. Cov hlau no tau ua tiav siv dav hauv aerospace kis tus kav hlau txais xov, kev lag luam aviation, tus kheej tensioning tus pin, roj yeeb nkab pob qij txha, nco rivets, nrog rau cov khoom siv kho mob, lub tshuab cua sov thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
(3) titanium - hlau alloy nrog hydrogen cia khoom, yog cov khoom siv hydrogen zoo heev. Txoj kev vam meej ntawm no alloy los daws cov teeb meem ntawm hydrogen cia thiab thauj. Nyiv thiab lwm lub teb chaws siv titanium - hlau hydrogen cia khoom ntaus ntawv hydrogen tsheb.
