Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nrog kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam tsheb, cov teeb meem ntawm kev siv roj, kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb tsim los ntawm tsheb tau dhau los ua kev txhawj xeeb. Nrhiav rau pem hauv ntej rau yav tom ntej kev taw qhia ntawm kev lag luam automotive, lub teeb yuag, kev siv roj tsawg thiab tsawg dua emissions yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev txhim kho. Raws li txoj cai thoob ntiaj teb kev txheeb cais, 60% ntawm cov tsheb siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob hauv lawv tus kheej zoo, txawm hais tias tam sim no muaj zog nyias hlau, aluminium, magnesium, hlau matrix composites thiab yas resin cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev txo qhov hnyav ntawm lub tsheb tau ua si. lub luag haujlwm, tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom siv titanium ua rau kev tsim tsheb muaj kev xaiv zoo dua.
Titanium hlau muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov ceev, muaj lub zog muaj zog, kev siv cov khoom siv titanium, txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tsim kom zoo, txhim kho ib puag ncig thiab cov suab nrov txo cov suab nrov. Tab sis tus nqi kim, ua titanium alloy nyob rau hauv kev lag luam tsheb tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov khoom kim heev qauv thiab cov kev ua si tsheb muaj ib co kev siv, nyob rau hauv lub zoo tib yam tsheb tsis tshua muaj siv. Yog li ntawd, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nqi qis titanium alloy kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm kev ua lag luam yog tus yuam sij los txhawb nws daim ntawv thov hauv tsev neeg cov tsheb zoo tib yam.
Kev siv cov titanium alloy hauv kev lag luam tsheb
Txawm hais tias titanium alloy tau siv dav hauv aerospace, petrochemical thiab naval kev lag luam, tab sis daim ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam tsheb tau tsim maj mam. Los ntawm xyoo 1956, Tebchaws Asmeskas General Motors tau ua tiav thawj lub tsheb tag nrho-titanium, titanium pib qhov chaw mus txog rau xyoo 1980 kom ncav cuag qib ntawm kev tsim khoom loj, xyoo 1990 nrog cov khoom kim heev, tsheb sib tw, tsheb sib tw xav tau nce xyoo los ntawm xyoo, titanium. qhov chaw tau txhim kho sai. 1990 lub ntiaj teb lub tsheb titanium tsuas yog 50t hauv 1997 mus txog 500t hauv 2002 mus txog 1100t hauv 2009, tus nqi ntawm titanium hauv kev lag luam tsheb. Nyob rau hauv 1990, tus nqi ntawm titanium siv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no lub tsheb tsuas yog 50t, nyob rau hauv 1997 nws mus txog 500t, nyob rau hauv 2002 nws mus txog 1100t, nyob rau hauv 2009 nws mus txog 3000t, thiab nws xav tias tus nqi ntawm titanium siv nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no lub tsheb yuav ntau tshaj. 5000t hauv 2015.
1. Cav txuas pas nrig
Titanium alloy yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev sib txuas cov khoom siv pas nrig. Lub cav txuas rods ua los ntawm titanium alloy tuaj yeem txo qhov zoo ntawm lub cav, txhim kho kev siv roj thiab txo cov pa tawm. Piv nrog cov hlau txuas, titanium txuas rods tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav los ntawm 15% mus rau 20%. Daim ntawv thov ntawm titanium txuas rods yog thawj zaug pom nyob rau hauv lub tshiab Ferrari 3.5LV8 thiab Acura NSX cav nyob rau hauv ltalis. Cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv titanium alloy txuas rods feem ntau yog Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, Ti-3 Al-2.0V thiab Ti-4Al-4Mo-Sn-0.5Si, thiab lwm yam. Lwm cov ntaub ntawv titanium alloy, xws li Ti-4Al{{ 19}}Si-4Mn thiab Ti-7M-4Mo, kuj tseem raug tsim los siv rau hauv kev sib txuas.
2. Cav Valve
Lub tsheb cav li qub ua los ntawm titanium alloy tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog txo qhov zoo thiab txuas lub neej kev pab cuam, tab sis kuj txo cov roj noj thiab txhim kho kev cia siab ntawm lub tsheb. Titanium li qub piv nrog steel li qub, qhov zoo tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm 30% mus rau 40%, lub cav txwv ceev tuaj yeem nce 20%. Raws li cov ntawv thov tam sim no muaj kev txhawj xeeb, cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv valve feem ntau yog Ti-6Al-4V, thiab cov khoom ntawm cov pa tawm valve feem ntau yog Ti-6242S. Feem ntau Sn thiab Al yog ntxiv ua ke kom tau qis brittleness thiab siab zog; Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm Mo tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom kho cua sov ntawm titanium alloys, ntxiv dag zog rau lub zog ntawm quenched thiab hnub nyoog titanium alloys, thiab tib lub sij hawm nce hardness. Lwm cov titanium alloys nrog kev loj hlob muaj peev xwm yog:
(1) lub valve tuaj yeem siv Ti-62S, nws cov yam ntxwv sib npaug Ti-6Al-4V, thiab pheej yig dua.
(2) lub qhov rooj tuaj yeem siv Ti-6Al-2Sn-4.0Zr-0.4-Mo-0 .45Si, vim yog qis Mo cov ntsiab lus, yog li nws tsis kam mus rau latent tsis kam tshaj Ti-6242S superior, oxidation-resistant kub mus txog 600 degree .
(3) tso pa tawm tuaj yeem siv -TiAl, uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis kev ua haujlwm tsis haum rau cov txheej txheem forging, tsuas yog tsim rau kev ua cov hmoov hlau thiab cov hmoov metallurgy.
3. Valve caij nplooj ntoos hlav
Lub zog siab thiab qaug zog ua haujlwm yog lub rooj zaum lub tog raj kheej yuav tsum muaj kev ua tau zoo ntawm titanium alloy rau kev kho cua sov hom alloy, tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus kom tau txais lub zog siab, cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog ntau dua yog Ti - 15V {{1 }}Cr - 3Al - 3Sn and Ti - 15Mo - 3Al - 2.7Nb - 0.2Si. Mitsubishi Motors hauv kev tsim cov tsheb loj loj los siv TI-22V - 4Al titanium alloy valve caij nplooj ntoos hlav, TI-22V - 4Al titanium alloy valve lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub rooj zaum yog tsim rau kev tsim cov tsheb. 4Al titanium alloy valve lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub rooj zaum, piv nrog cov thawj steel latch kom txo qhov loj ntawm 42%, lub valve lub tsheb ciav hlau txo qhov inertia ntawm qhov loj ntawm 6%, qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev ntawm lub cav nce 300r / min.
4. Titanium alloy springs
Titanium thiab nws cov alloys muaj cov qauv qis ntawm elasticity piv rau cov ntaub ntawv hlau, σs / E tus nqi yog qhov loj, haum rau kev tsim cov khoom siv elastic. Piv nrog rau steel tsheb springs, nyob rau hauv lub premise ntawm tib elastic ua hauj lwm, qhov siab ntawm titanium springs tsuas yog 40% ntawm steel springs, thiab qhov zoo tsuas yog 30% mus rau 40% ntawm steel springs, uas yog yooj yim rau tsim ntawm lub lub cev tsheb. Tsis tas li ntawd, titanium alloy zoo heev qaug zog kev ua tau zoo thiab corrosion kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Tam sim no, titanium alloy cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj rau kev tsim cov automotive springs yog Ti-4.5Fe6.8Mo-1.5Al thiab Ti-13V11C-3Al thiab lwm yam.
5. Turbocharger
Turbocharger tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub cav thiab txhim kho lub zog thiab lub zog ntawm lub cav. Lub turbine rotor ntawm lub turbocharger yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntev nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias tso pa roj ntau tshaj 850 degree, yog li nws yuav tsum tau ua kom sov zoo. Cov pa hluav taws xob xws li aluminium alloys tsis tuaj yeem siv vim lawv cov ntsiab lus melting tsawg. Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv ceramic tau siv rau hauv turbine rotors vim lawv lub teeb yuag thiab kub tsis kam, lawv siv tau raug txwv los ntawm tus nqi siab thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo dua lawv cov duab. Txhawm rau daws cov teeb meem no, Tetsui et al. tsim TiAl turbine rotor, uas tau sim thiab ua pov thawj tias tsis yog tsuas yog ua haujlwm zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, tab sis kuj txhim kho lub cav nrawm. Qhov kev tsim no tau ua tiav kev lag luam hauv Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution series.
6.Exhaust system thiab muffler
Titanium yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau ntau nyob rau hauv lub pa system ntawm tsheb. Cov pa hluav taws xob ua los ntawm titanium thiab nws cov alloys tsis tsuas yog txhim kho kev ntseeg siab, kev ua neej ntev thiab zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj txo cov huab hwm coj thiab txhim kho cov roj combustion efficiency. Qhov loj ntawm lub titanium tso qhov system tuaj yeem txo los ntawm 40% piv rau cov pa hluav taws xob steel. Hauv Golf series, qhov loj ntawm titanium tso tawm tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm 7 mus rau 9 kg, thiab cov khoom siv titanium siv nyob rau hauv cov pa tawm yog cov titanium ntshiab.
Titanium muffler loj tsuas yog 5-6kg, sib dua li stainless hlau muffler, thiab lwm yam. 2000 Chevrolet CorvetteZ06 lub tsheb nrog 11.8kg titanium muffler thiab tailpipe system es tsis txhob ntawm cov thawj 20kg stainless hlau system, qhov zoo ntawm 41% txo. Cov kev hloov pauv muaj tib lub zog thiab ua rau lub tsheb nrawm dua, ua kom muaj zog thiab siv roj ntau dua. Lub titanium siv rau lub muffler kuj tseem yog cov ntshiab titanium.
7. Lub Cev Ncej Tshooj
Txhawm rau txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub tsheb, kev txiav txim siab yuav tsum tau muab rau cov qauv tsim thiab kev tsim khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim khoom. Titanium yog ib qho khoom siv zoo heev rau lub cev ntas, tsis yog rau nws lub zog tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj rau nws cov toughness. Hauv Nyij Pooj, cov tuam txhab tsim tsheb xaiv cov titanium ntshiab welded raj los ua lub cev ntas, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov neeg tsav tsheb muaj kev nyab xeeb txaus thaum tsav tsheb.
8. Lwm cov khoom siv titanium
Ntxiv rau cov khoom siv saum toj no, titanium kuj tseem siv rau hauv lub cav rocker caj npab, ncua kev kawm ntawv, cav piston pins, tsheb fasteners, lug ceev, tsheb qhov rooj protruding beams, tsheb iav brackets, nres caliper pistons, pins, siab daim hlau, iav nyees khawm. thiab automotive clutch phaj thiab lwm yam automotive qhov chaw.
