Vim li cas dej hiav txwv noj dhau 316L tab sis tsis yog titanium?
Cov dej hiav txwv muaj chlorides. Chlorides rhuav tshem cov txheej txheem passive ntawm feem ntau stainless hlau. Qhov tshwm sim yog pitting, crevice corrosion, thiab nws thiaj li perforation.
Titanium coj txawv txawv. Cov txheej txheem oxide uas tsim ntawm titanium yog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig chloride. Nws tsis tawg. Thaum tsim, nws nyob twj ywm txawm nyob rau hauv sov, nyob twj ywm, los yog qis - ntws seawater.
ASTM B338 GR1 titanium raj tsis qhov hauv dej hiav txwv.Qhov no yog qhov tseeb electrochemical. Ntau txhiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov condensers siv GR1 hauv kev pabcuam ntug dej hiav txwv thiab ntug dej hiav txwv.
Puas yog GR1 corrode hauv dej hiav txwv dhau sijhawm?
GR1 tsim ib txheej nyias, nruam titanium dioxide (TiO₂) txheej nyob rau hauv vib nas this ntawm raug dej hiav txwv. Cov txheej no muaj tshuaj ruaj khov hauv cov tshuaj chloride txog li 120℃(250℃F). Nws tsis thicken ho ntau dhau sijhawm. Nws tsis flake tawm. Nws tsis xav tau kev saib xyuas.
Corrosion tus nqi rau GR1 hauv dej hiav txwv ntws yog feem ntau tsawg dua 0.001 hli hauv ib xyoos.Nyob rau ntawm tus nqi ntawd, 1.65 hli phab ntsa raj yuav siv sijhawm ntau dua 1,500 xyoo kom poob 1 hli ntawm phab ntsa tuab. Rau cov laj thawj, GR1 tsis corrode hauv dej hiav txwv.
Puas yog GR1 tiv thaiv crevice corrosion?
Crevice corrosion yog hom tsis ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau titanium hauv dej hiav txwv. Nws tshwm sim hauv qhov khoob khoob uas cov pa tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag - nyob rau hauv biofouling, ntawm lub raj - mus rau -tubesheet pob qij txha, lossis hauv qab gaskets.
GR1 resists crevice corrosion nyob rau hauv dej hiav txwv txog li 80℃(176℃F) nyob rau hauv nruab nrab pH tej yam kev mob. Tshaj li qhov kub thiab txias, qhov kev pheej hmoo nce ntxiv.
Rau kev pabcuam dej hiav txwv siab tshaj 80 degree, qhia GR7 lossis GR12 tsis yog GR1.Cov qib no muaj me me ntxiv ntawm palladium lossis molybdenum uas txhim kho crevice corrosion kuj ntawm qhov kub siab dua.
Feem ntau cov dej hiav txwv- cov cua sov hloov pauv ua haujlwm ntawm 40-60℃. GR1 ua tau zoo hauv qhov no.
Puas yog GR1 zoo dua 316L thiab tooj liab -nickel hauv dej hiav txwv?
| Khoom siv | Pitting kuj | Crevice corrosion kuj | Hom kev pab cuam lub neej |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR1 titanium hlau | Zoo heev | Zoo (rau 80 degree) | 20+ xyoo |
| GR2 titanium hlau | Zoo heev | Zoo (rau 80 degree) | 20+ xyoo |
| 316L stainless hlau | pluag | pluag | 6–18 lub hlis |
| 90/10 Cu-Ni | Ncaj ncees | Ncaj ncees | 5-10 xyoo |
| 70/30 Cu-Ni | Zoo | Ncaj ncees | 10-15 xyoo |
| Super duplex (2507) | Zoo | Ncaj ncees | 10-15 xyoo |
GR1 thiab GR2 ua tau zoo ib yam hauv dej hiav txwv.Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov pa oxygen ntawm qib tsis cuam tshuam rau corrosion. Kev xaiv ntawm GR1 thiab GR2 rau dej hiav txwv los ntawm kev tsim khoom, tsis yog kev ua haujlwm corrosion.
Puas yog biofouling txuas rau GR1 titanium raj?
Yog lawm. Cov kab mob marine txuas rau feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw. GR1 tsis tiv thaiv biofouling. Barnacles, mussels, thiab algae yuav txuas rau titanium raj ib yam li lawv txuas rau stainless hlau lossis tooj liab alloys.
Qhov txawv yog kev ntxuav.Titanium tubes zam kev ua phem rau kev ntxuav uas yuav ua rau lwm yam khoom puas tsuaj.
Siab -kev tso dej siab (txog 10,000 psi) - tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj
Daim txhuam cev ntxuav - tsis muaj teeb meem
Cov tshuaj ntxuav nrog cov kua qaub - titanium tiv taus cov kua qaub feem ntau siv rau descaling
Copper-nickel alloys erodes nyob rau hauv siab- kev tu siab vim lawv cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv yog softer. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob titanium tuaj yeem ntxuav tau nruj heev yam tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog lub raj phab ntsa poob lossis pitting.
GR1 puas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov dej qias neeg lossis dej khib nyiab?
Yog lawm. Cov dej hiav txwv muaj kuab paug, dej khib nyiab, thiab dej estuarine yog txhua yam siv tau rau GR1.
Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) los ntawm cov mob anaerobic tsis tawm tsam titanium. Copper-nickel alloys raug kev kub ntxhov hauv sulfides. Titanium tsis yog.
Ammonia, lwm yam kuab paug hauv dej txias, kuj tsis cuam tshuam rau titanium. Kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg los ntawm ammonia - qhov teeb meem paub txog tooj liab alloys thiab qee cov hlau stainless - tsis tshwm sim hauv titanium.
Qhov ntsuas kub li cas rau GR1 hauv dej hiav txwv?
GR1 yog tsim rau kev pabcuam dej hiav txwv txuas ntxiv ntawm 0℃txog 80℃(32℃F txog 176℃F) hauv nruab nrab pH (6-8).
Tshaj li 80 degree, crevice corrosion yuav nce ntau.Yog tias ua haujlwm kub siab tshaj 80 degree, hloov mus rau GR7. GR7 resists crevice corrosion nyob rau hauv seawater mus txog 200 degree.
Hauv qab 0 degree, dej hiav txwv khov. Rau sub-zero daim ntawv thov, GR1 tswj ductility mus rau -200℃. Tsis muaj embrittlement tshwm sim.
Puas yog GR1 tau ua pov thawj nyob rau hauv ntev - kev pabcuam dej hiav txwv?
GR1 titanium raj tau ua haujlwm hauv dej hiav txwv txij li xyoo 1970. Ntau txhiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob sib hloov, condensers, thiab cua txias siv GR1 lossis GR2 hauv cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob hauv ntug dej hiav txwv, cov nroj tsuag desalination, offshore platforms, thiab cov nkoj hauv hiav txwv.
Cov ntaub ntawv kev pab cuam lub neej tshaj 20 xyoo nyob rau hauv feem ntau.Ntau qhov kev teeb tsa tseem tab tom khiav ntawm cov raj qub tom qab 30+ xyoo.
Failures uas tshwm sim yuav luag ib txwm yog vim:
Crevice corrosion ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib koom ua ke (tsis zoo dov lossis gaskets)
Hydrogen embrittlement los ntawm cathodic overprotection (tsis tshua muaj)
Mechanical puas thaum lub sij hawm tu los yog tu
Tsim thiab installation kom zoo tiv thaiv cov kev ua tsis tiav.
FAQ
1. Lub GR1 titanium raj yuav kav ntev npaum li cas hauv dej hiav txwv?
20-30 xyoo yam tsawg kawg nkaus. Ntau qhov kev teeb tsa ntau dua 30 xyoo uas tsis muaj qhov ntsuas tau ntawm phab ntsa. Lub limiting yam yog feem ntau mechanical puas, tsis corrosion.
2. Puas yog GR1 qhov hauv dej hiav txwv zoo li 316L?
Tsis muaj . 316L qhov dej vim tias chlorides zom nws cov oxide txheej. GR1's oxide txheej yog ruaj khov hauv chlorides. Pitting tsis tshwm sim hauv dej hiav txwv huv.
3. Qhov kub siab tshaj plaws rau GR1 hauv dej hiav txwv yog dab tsi?
80℃(176℃F) rau crevice -dawb tej yam kev mob. Tshaj 80 degree, hloov mus rau GR7. Hauv qab 80 degree, GR1 ntseeg tau.
4. GR1 puas tuaj yeem tiv taus dej hiav txwv?
Yog, tab sis nrog txwv. Stagnant tej yam kev mob cia biofouling mus sau. Crevices nyob rau hauv fouling tuaj yeem ua rau crevice corrosion, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog saum 60 degree. Yam tsawg kawg nkaus 1.5 m / s ntws yog pom zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntev -.
5. Puas yog GR1 zoo dua GR2 rau dej hiav txwv?
Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm corrosion. Kev xaiv ntawm GR1 thiab GR2 rau dej hiav txwv yuav tsum yog raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev tsim khoom. GR1 yog ductile ntau rau khoov thiab dov. GR2 muaj zog dua tab sis tsawg formable.
6. Puas yog GR1 puas muaj cov tshuaj chlorine lossis chlorinated seawater?
No. GR1 yog resistant rau chlorine thiab hypochlorite mus txog rau nruab nrab concentrations. Qee cov nroj tsuag desalination siv chlorinated seawater rau biofouling tswj. GR1 daws qhov no yam tsis muaj teeb meem.
7. GR1 puas tuaj yeem siv nrog roj hmab- cov kav dej?
Yog lawm, tab sis zam cov roj hmab nruj - mus rau -titanium crevices. Yog tias cov roj hmab hauv ob sab phlu ntawm lub raj nplaim, xyuas kom cov kev sib koom ua ke raug kaw kom tsis txhob muaj dej hiav txwv nkag. Hlau gasket yog nyiam.
8. Dab tsi yog qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm galvanic corrosion nrog lwm cov hlau hauv dej hiav txwv?
Titanium yog cathodic rau feem ntau lwm yam hlau hauv dej hiav txwv. Thaum txuas nrog carbon steel, aluminium, lossis tooj liab alloys, lwm cov hlau corrodes sai dua.Cais titanium los ntawm cov hlau sib txawv uas siv cov yas gaskets lossis coatings.
9. Puas yog vuam cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion hauv dej hiav txwv?
Tsis yog ua kom raug. Lub GR1 zoo welded raj (nyiaj weld, argon thaub qab) muaj tib yam corrosion kuj zoo li lub hauv paus hlau. Ib qho kab mob sib kis (xiav lossis straw xim) yuav corrode nyiam.
10. Yuav ua li cas ntxuav biofouling los ntawm GR1 raj?
Siab -kev siv dej siab (5,000–10,000 psi) ua haujlwm zoo. Sponge pob ntxuav kuj siv tau. Acid ntxuav nrog inhibited hydrochloric los yog sulfamic acid yog siv tau. Tsis txhob siv hydrofluoric acid - nws tawm tsam titanium.
Ntim
ASTM B338 titanium tubes tau ntim rau hauv kev xa tawm- qib ntoo rooj plaub lossis hlau- cov pob khoom sib dhos, nrog rau txhua lub raj kawg capped kom tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob ya raws thiab khib nyiab.Cov raj yog sib cais los ntawm cov npuas dej los yog cov duab los qhia kom tsis txhob khawb qhov chaw thaum caij tsheb npav. Rau U-khoov raj, ib tug neeg lub hnab yas qhwv thiab txheej sib cais yog muab los tuav khoov geometry.Tag nrho cov ntim ua raws li ISPM-15 rau kev xa khoom thoob ntiaj teb, thiab cov xov tooj cua sov tau cim meej meej ntawm txhua pob los yog rooj plaub rau tag nrho traceability thaum tau txais.
Peb lub Hoobkas & Khoom siv
Peb lub chaw yog nruab nrog rau cov titanium tube ntau lawm kab, nrog rau txias pilger mills, kos lub rooj ntev zaum, thiab argon- puv annealing furnaces tshwj xeeb calibrated rau kev lag luam ntshiab titanium.Rau welded raj, peb siv tsis siv neeg TIG vuam chaw nres tsheb nrog online eddy tam sim no saib xyuas cov weld seam tsis xws luag nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm.Cov cuab yeej tshuaj xyuas suav nrog tag nrho - spectrum spectrometer rau kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj, lub ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas ultrasonic rau cov raj seamless, thiab lub ntsuas dej hydrostatic ntsuas rau 10,000 psi.Tag nrho cov raj tiav dhau los ntawm laser micrometer rau OD thiab phab ntsa thickness ntsuas.Peb lub chaw soj nstuam zoo tswj hwm tus ntoo khaub lig ywj siab- kuaj xyuas txhua qhov kub, thiab tag nrho cov cuab yeej tshuaj xyuas tau ntsuas txhua xyoo rau NIST-cov qauv ntsuas tau. Qhov kev teeb tsa no tso cai rau peb los tsim cov ASTM B338 cov hlab ntsha uas ua tau raws li qhov xav tau los yog tshaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj zog thiab ua haujlwm corrosion.
