3D luam ntawv, tseem hu ua kev tsim khoom ntxiv, tuaj yeem luam tawm txheej txheej los ntawm cov txheej txheem preset thiab cov qauv digital, siv cov hmoov txau thiab lwm txoj hauv kev, thiab thaum kawg tau txais cov khoom lag luam peb-dimensional siab. Piv nrog rau cov pa luam ntawv tiaj tus, 3D luam ntawv tuaj yeem muab cov qauv peb-dimensional; Piv nrog rau kev ua haujlwm zoo tib yam, 3D luam ntawv muaj qib siab dua ntawm qhov tseeb thiab automation. Nws yog raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws saum toj no, kom 3D tshuab luam ntawv hauv lub sijhawm luv luv los txhawb kev siv ceev ceev. Tau kawg, thev naus laus zis kuj ntsib ntau yam kev sib tw kom kov yeej, xws li cov khoom siv, khoom siv, cov qauv kev lag luam.3D luam ntawv kev lag luam kev cia siab yog qhov dav, hauv kev nkag siab thiab siv 3D tshuab luam ntawv, raws li lub hauv paus ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv, thiab nquag tshawb nrhiav. lub innovation thiab optimization lub tswv yim ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv, kuj tau los ua ib tug nrov kev tshawb fawb lub ntsiab lus.
1.3D Printing Basic Principles thiab Technical Characteristics
3D luam ntawv, raws li kev siv thev naus laus zis hauv kev lag luam kev lag luam, sib txuas ntau yam thev naus laus zis, suav nrog txheej txheej tsim tshuab, tshuab engineering, CNC tshuab, CAD, laser tshuab, thim rov qab engineering tshuab, cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, thiab lwm yam. , sai sai, tau txais thiab raug hloov pauv tus qauv tsim hluav taws xob rau hauv ib qho qauv nrog kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov lossis ncaj qha tsim cov khoom, yog li muab tus nqi qis thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim cov qauv ntawm cov khoom thiab kev txheeb xyuas cov tswv yim tsim tshiab. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv yog cov txheej txheem rov qab ntawm tomography. Tomography yog ib yam dab tsi "txiav" rau hauv suav tsis txheeb stacked slices, 3D luam ntawv yog los ntawm kev nruam lub cev txheej superposition, txheej los ntawm txheej los ua kom cov khoom los tsim peb-dimensional khoom technology, yog li 3D printing manufacturing technology kuj hu ua "additive manufacturing technology.
Piv nrog rau cov txheej txheem luam ntawv ib txwm siv thiab kev tsim khoom, cov yam ntxwv ntawm 3D luam ntawv yog tsom rau hauv cov hauv qab no: ua ntej, ua tiav ib zaug ntawm kev luam ntawv, tsis tas yuav tsum rov txiav, sib tsoo, ua kom yooj yim rau cov khoom tsim khoom, ua kom luv luv. ntau lawm voj voog. Cov kws kho mob yuav tsum tau txais cov kev tswj xyuas peb-seem thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd siv cov software tshwj xeeb hauv lub khoos phis tawj los tsim cov qauv peb sab, thiab thaum kawg los ntawm lub computer tswj 3D tshuab luam ntawv kom tiav cov luam ntawv thiab kev tsim khoom. , realizing qhov "qhov koj pom yog qhov koj tau txais". Qhov thib ob, tus nqi qis dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ntau lawm, piv nrog cov tsoos ua thiab kev tsim khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua tus nqi. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm hom kev tsim khoom, 3D tshuab luam ntawv tsuas yog xav tau kom tau txais qhov kev sib koom ua peb-seem ntawm cov khoom thiab tsim cov qauv peb-seem ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem ua tau, qhov seem ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog ua tiav los ntawm cov khoom siv, tsuas yog ib tus neeg tuaj yeem ua tiav, tus nqi ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab cov nqi sijhawm tsawg. Thaum kawg, qib ntawm precision ntawm cov khoom yog siab dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov precision qhov chaw, qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom tau los ntawm 3D luam ntawv tuaj yeem ncav cuag 0.01mm qib, thiab kev txhawb nqa rau 32-ntsis xim luam ntawv.
Khoom siv, khoom siv thiab thev naus laus zis yog peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm 3D luam ntawv. Hais txog cov cuab yeej siv, nws tsuas yog suav nrog 3D tshuab luam ntawv, 3D scanners, 3D laser engravers, laser trackers, thiab lwm yam .; nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, feem ntau siv cov ntaub ntawv xws li photosensitive resin, yas hmoov, pob txha hmoov, PLA, thiab lwm yam .; Raws li kev siv tshuab, nws suav nrog ntau yam thev naus laus zis tseem ceeb, xws li 3DP thev naus laus zis, FDM fused deposition molding (FDM) thev naus laus zis, thiab SLA laser teeb kho tshuab. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab kev siv tau zoo ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no txawv heev, raws li hauv qab no.
2. 3DP Printing Technology
Peb-dimensional printing (3DP) thev naus laus zis yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws ntawm 3D luam ntawv nyob rau theem no. Cov cuab yeej siv yog lub tshuab luam ntawv inkjet tus qauv, uas tuaj yeem hloov kho rau ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm, xws li cov hmoov ceramic, hmoov yas thiab pob txha hmoov. Tom qab pre-programming thiab modelling, ib txheej ntawm hmoov yog nteg nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm lub computer commands, thiab ces lub nozzle yog tsiv mus rau tshuaj tsuag nplaum los ntawm lub nozzle mus rau lub cheeb tsam, thiaj li hais tias cov hmoov cov ntaub ntawv yog bonded ua ke. Tom qab ua tiav ntawm thawj txheej ntawm luam ntawv, koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov qauv ntawm cov khoom, thiab tom qab ntawd rov ua cov kauj ruam saum toj no, tom qab ntau cov hmoov nteg, txau, sib txuas, thiab thaum kawg tau txais cov khoom xav tau. Yog tias koj xav luam cov khoom xim, koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov xim uas tsim nyog.
SLA yog tsim los ntawm photosensitive resin, cov khoom ua kua uas nyob rau hauv irradiation ntawm UV lub teeb ntawm ib co wavelength (x=325}nm) thiab siv (w=30}mw) tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv photopolymerisation sai, cov molecular. qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom nce siab heev, thiab cov khoom yog hloov los ntawm cov kua mus rau lub xeev ruaj khov. Lub tank ua kua yuav xub ntim nrog cov kua photosensitive resin, helium-cadmium laser lossis argon ion laser emitted los ntawm UV laser beam nyob rau hauv lub computer nyob rau hauv lub manipulation ntawm lub workpiece raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm cross-sectional cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov kua photosensitive resin nto scanning. kab los ntawm kab thiab taw tes los ntawm taw tes, uas ua rau thaj tsam scanning ntawm cov resin txheej los tsim polymerisation thiab kho los ntawm kev tsim cov txheej nyias ntawm lub workpiece. Thaum ib txheej kho tau zoo, lub rooj tau txav mus rau hauv ib txheej tuab thiab cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm cov kua resin yog siv rau yav tas los kho resin nto kom txog thaum tau txais cov qauv 3D.
Cov cuab yeej siv hauv cov txheej txheem SLS suav nrog lasers, tsom iav tsom iav thiab qib chais. Cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm yog raws li hauv qab no: ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nteg ib txheej ntawm haum thickness ntawm hmoov cov khoom ntawm lub worktable, muab qhov tseem ceeb rau photosensitive resin, paraffin hmoov, yas hmoov, feem ntau tsis siv ceramic hmoov, hlau hmoov. Tom qab ntawd preset qhov kev pab cuam, nyeem cov qauv, nyob rau hauv lub computer tswj cov lus qhia, lub laser yuav xa tawm ib tug laser beam, thiab los ntawm lub scanning daim iav irradiation ntawm cov hmoov khoom ntawm lub rooj. Raws li lub laser muaj zog heev, nws yuav sinter cov khoom siv hmoov, thawj zaug ua rau sab nrauv ntawm cov khoom, thiab tom qab ntawd txuas ntxiv nteg hmoov, sintering hmoov los ntawm sab nraud mus rau sab hauv, thiab tom qab ntau lub sij hawm ntawm nteg hmoov, ntau zaus. ntawm sintering, qhov kawg tsim ntawm cov khoom xav tau. Piv nrog rau saum toj no 3D luam ntawv txoj kev, SLS-raws li xaiv laser sintering tshuab txheej txheem yog kuj yooj yim, thiab cov khoom ntau lawm ceev ceev. Txawm li cas los xij, cov cuab yeej no kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo, xws li cov khoom siv luam ntawv xaiv, cov hmoov hlau, cov hmoov ceramic hauv cov txheej txheem sintering yuav tsum tau siv ntau lub zog, uas yuav ua rau tus nqi nce, yog li rau cov hlau, ceramic ua cov khoom tseem ceeb, nws tsis yog. tsim nyog xaiv cov tshuab no.
Cov tshuab no muaj qee qhov zoo sib xws rau SLA stereo flatbed tshuab luam ntawv tau piav qhia saum toj no, nrog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog kev siv DLP (Digital Light Processor). Tom qab npaj cov kua photopolymer, lub high-precision digital lub teeb processor tau teeb tsa ncaj qha saum cov khoom siv, thiab tus kws kho mob kho cov cuab yeej, txav lub teeb ci mus rau (00) kev sib koom tes, thiab ua kom tiav cov irradiation nyob rau hauv kev tswj ntawm lub computer cov lus qhia, thiaj li hais tias cov khoom ua kua yog maj mam kho. Cov txheej txheem ntawm lub teeb curing kuj yog txheej los ntawm txheej curing, tab sis qhov curing ceev ceev thiab cov khoom molding precision yog siab dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj qhov zoo dua li lwm yam 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov smoothness. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov tsis txaus, xws li cov purity siab ntawm cov kua photopolymer, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom kawg yog tias nws tov nrog impurities.
Cov txheej txheem LOM siv cov ntawv nyias nyias, xws li ntawv lossis yas zaj duab xis. Qhov saum npoo ntawm daim ntawv yog yav tas los coated nrog kub yaj nplaum. Thaum lub sij hawm ua, cov xovxwm kub rau cov menyuam kub nias cov ntawv los khi nws nrog cov tsim ua haujlwm hauv qab no; Lub CO2 laser yog siv los txiav tawm qhov cross-section contour ntawm ib feem thiab lub thav duab sab nrauv ntawm lub workpiece ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab, thiab txiav tawm sab saum toj thiab hauv qab cov kab sib txuas nyob rau hauv thaj tsam redundant ntawm cov ntoo khaub lig-section contour. thiab sab nrauv; Tom qab lub laser txiav tiav lawm, lub workpiece tsim yog txo qis los ntawm lub worktable kom cais nws los ntawm daim ntawv sawb (cov khoom siv siv); cov khoom siv mechanism tig lub axis nqa thiab cov khoom siv axis txav cov khoom siv kom cov khoom kawg yuav tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo. Lub tshuab pub mis tig lub axis coj mus rau qhov chaw pub mis, tsav cov khoom siv kom txav mus los, kom cov txheej txheem tshiab txav mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm; lub worktable nce mus rau lub dav hlau ua; lub siab kub siab rau cov menyuam kub siab, tus naj npawb ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm workpiece nce los ntawm ib txheej, thiab qhov siab nce los ntawm ib cov khoom thickness; thiab tom qab ntawd txiav cov ntu ntu contour ntawm txheej tshiab. Qhov no yog rov ua dua kom txog thaum tag nrho cov seem ntawm ib feem yog sib koom ua ke thiab txiav, uas ua rau ib qho khoom tsim nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg.
PCM yog lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D tshiab tsim los ntawm Tsinghua University hauv xyoo 2013. Cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm yog raws li hauv qab no: ua ntej, CAD qauv ntawm ib feem yog kos rau hauv lub computer, thiab tom qab ntawd cov kev txwv ntawm cov qauv tau txais kev cawmdim hauv daim ntawv ntawm STL cov ntaub ntawv. . CAD qauv yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv cov qauv casting raws li tus qauv. Cov txheej txheem los ntawm sab saum toj mus rau hauv qab, kev siv cov khoom siv scanning, txheej los ntawm txheej scanning, tom qab ua tiav cov qauv scanning ntawm peb-dimensional coordinates, thiab tom qab ntawd pib los ntawm hauv qab mus rau sab saum toj ntawm cov xuab zeb, kev sib txuas. Ob lub nozzles tau siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem casting, ib qho los txhaj cov binder thiab lwm yam los txhaj cov catalyst. Ob cov ntaub ntawv yog txau ib txhij, thiab thaum sib cuag, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv colloidal tshwm sim, tsim cov txheej txheem muaj zog. Tom qab ua tiav thawj txheej, cov txheej thib ob thiab thib peb tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv ib ntu kom txog thaum tau txais cov khoom kawg.
3. Daim ntawv thov thaj chaw thiab kev txwv ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv
Txij li thaum pom thawj lub lag luam 3D tshuab luam ntawv hauv xyoo 1986, 3D tshuab luam ntawv tsuas yog tsim los rau ntau tshaj 30 xyoo, tab sis nws tau siv dav hauv ntau yam xws li kev tsim kho, tshuaj thiab aviation. Hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam, 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis tau ua ke nrog BIM thev naus laus zis los tsim 3D qauv ntawm lub tsev hauv computer thiab tom qab ntawd luam tawm. Los ntawm 3D peb-dimensional lub tsev qauv, kev txhawb nqa yog muab nyob rau hauv lub tsev tso saib, siv siv, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv kev kho mob kev lag luam, 3D tshuab luam ntawv yog siv los tsim simulated dag pob txha, nrog rau kev siv tshuaj zoo tagnrho. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kws kho mob kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv 3D tshuab luam ntawv los tsim cov qauv pathological, kev soj ntsuam kev phais hauv cov xwm txheej simulated, tsim cov txheej txheem phais, thiab txhim kho qhov kev ua tiav ntawm kev phais. Hauv kev lag luam aerospace, kev siv 3D luam ntawv tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom muaj tseeb uas ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim thiab siv cov kev xav tau, xws li cav turbine blades, integrated roj nozzles, thiab lwm yam., uas kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhim kho tag nrho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub dav hlau. Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li kev tsim cov pwm txhaj tshuaj hauv kev tsim khoom, nrog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv ntawm tus kheej, thiab lwm yam, nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv thiab txo tus nqi ntawm kev siv, kuj tau txhawb nqa ib qho tom qab. .
3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis hauv kev nce qib thiab siv cov txheej txheem, tsis tsuas yog qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm daim ntawv thov, tab sis kuj ntsib kev txwv ntau dua. Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm theem tam sim no ntawm cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm, cov yam ntxwv uas txwv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm 3D luam ntawv feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no: Ua ntej, cov khoom siv. Los ntawm kev soj ntsuam saum toj no, nws tuaj yeem pom tau tias tam sim no 3D luam ntawv cov ntaub ntawv feem ntau yog photosensitive resin, ceramics, paraffin thiab lwm yam. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm daim ntawv thov daim teb, cov khoom siv tsawg tsawg pom tseeb tsis tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua hauv qee qhov chaw tawm tshiab. Piv txwv li, nws tsis tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv hlau thiab hlau rau 3D luam ntawv, uas txwv tsis pub nws daim ntawv thov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv tus nqi kuj tseem kim, nyob rau hauv batch printing, tus nqi siab kuj yog ib qho kev txwv. Thib ob, hais txog cov cuab yeej siv, tus nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej yuav tsum raug txo yog tias 3D tshuab luam ntawv yuav tsum tau ua lag luam tag nrho. Nyob rau theem no, tus nqi ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D zoo tib yam yog li ntawm 5,000 yuan, thiab yog tias muaj cov kev xav tau siab dua rau kev txiav txim siab, tus nqi ntawm cov cuab yeej siv txij li 10,000 mus rau ntau kaum txhiab. . Qhov no tseem yog kev noj ntau rau cov neeg siv tib yam, uas cuam tshuam tag nrho cov koob npe ntawm 3D luam ntawv.
4.3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis kev txhim kho sib txawv
3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis muaj kev cia siab dav rau kev txhim kho, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev nthuav dav kev lag luam, txhawm rau ua kom 3D luam ntawv tuaj yeem ua qauv thiab kev tsim kho, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxiv dag zog rau cov qauv tsim sab saum toj thiab suab kev lag luam. Los ntawm cov tuam tsev tseem ceeb, lossis txoj cai ntawm kev lag luam, kom sai li sai tau los npaj thiab qhia txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov qauv, suav nrog cov qauv tsim khoom, cov khoom siv tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho, cov qauv ntsuas kev siv tshuab. Nrog rau cov txheej txheem zoo meej, kev txhim kho ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv los muab kev lav zoo. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, ntau lub chaw tshawb fawb tau ua qhov kev tshawb fawb tob hauv nanomaterials, polymer composites, thiab cov khoom siv gradient. Tom qab kev siv cov txheej txheem sib koom ua ke, cov kev txwv thiab cov qauv ntawm ntau hom ntaub ntawv yuav raug tswj, thiab thaum yuav khoom 3D luam ntawv, peb yuav xyuas seb lawv puas ua raws li cov qauv kev qhia tshwj xeeb, txhawm rau txhawm rau txo qis- zoo, "tsev" cov ntaub ntawv thiab xyuas kom meej qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab zoo ntawm cov khoom luam tawm.
Tam sim no, 3D tshuab luam ntawv yuav tsum muaj qib siab ntawm kev tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm thaum ua ntawv thov. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua kom lub nra hnyav rau cov neeg ua haujlwm, nws kuj ua rau muaj teeb meem ntawm kev nkag siab siab. Yog li ntawd, nrog rau kev txhim kho AI thev naus laus zis thiab cov ntaub ntawv loj, lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv yuav txhim kho nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm kev txawj ntse thiab kev yooj yim, muab cov neeg siv nrog kev paub zoo dua. Txoj kev txhim kho tshwj xeeb suav nrog ob yam: ib qho yog kho vajtse, uas yog, 3D tshuab luam ntawv. Ntxiv nrog rau kev txo nqi ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv, nws yuav tsum tau muab ntau yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg, xws li kev pom kev ua haujlwm, los qhia tag nrho cov txheej txheem luam ntawv 3D, cov neeg siv tuaj yeem kho cov ntawv luam tawm txhua lub sijhawm raws li lub sijhawm tiag tiag, uas yog ua kom tau txais cov khoom luam tawm uas xav tau; Qhov thib ob yog software, muab software tsim, luam ntawv tswj software thiab lwm yam software ua haujlwm los txhawb ntau hom kev xav tau luam ntawv.
Cov khoom siv luam ntawv thiab cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm yog tus yuam sij rau daim ntawv thov thiab kev loj hlob ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv. R & D haum rau 3D luam ntawv xav tau ntawm ntau hom ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj dhau los ua cov kauj ruam tom ntej hauv kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis tshiab no tseem ceeb. Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom siv photosensitive resin ntau dua, cov ntaub ntawv polymer hmoov, xws li cov ntaub ntawv paraffin hmoov, txheej xuab zeb hmoov cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv hlau hmoov, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv fused hlau, cov ntaub ntawv ntoo-yas, thiab lwm yam. txhawb nqa hauv 3D luam ntawv. Ntxiv nrog rau kev muab cov khoom txhawb nqa ntau dua, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv, kev ruaj khov, thiab kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig tshwj xeeb kuj tseem yuav zoo dua, yog li cov khoom lag luam 3D tuaj yeem siv rau ntau qhov chaw thiab ib puag ncig los ua kom pom tseeb daim ntawv thov kom zoo dua.
5. Cov ntsiab lus
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, 3D tshuab luam ntawv tau pom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntau lub teb, thiab ntau qhov precision thiab cov khoom lag luam raws li 3D tshuab luam ntawv kuj tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo hauv kev txhawb kev txhim kho thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm kev lag luam. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias nrog kev nthuav dav ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm 3D luam ntawv thev naus laus zis, nws tseem tab tom ntsib qee qhov tsis muaj zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, peb yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kev txhawb nqa technologies, muab ntau lwm yam printing ntaub ntawv, raws li zoo raws li txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom luam ntawv, txhim khu cov tib neeg thiab ntse theem ntawm luam ntawv ua hauj lwm, thiaj li yuav muab kev pab txhawb nqa rau. social thiab economic kev loj hlob.
